On Lung Day, we need to raise awareness about the main diseases affecting respiratory health worldwide. According to the International Federation of Respiratory Diseases (FIRS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects 384 million people globally, being the third leading cause of death, with 3 million fatalities. Among respiratory infections, tuberculosis remains the deadliest, infecting 10 million people each year and resulting in 1.6 million deaths. Lung cancer claims 1.76 million victims annually.
According to pulmonologist and Sleep Medicine Specialist, Jessica Polese, lung cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and is often associated with smoking. However, it can also affect non-smokers. “This cancer starts in the lung cells and can spread to other parts of the body, becoming potentially fatal if not specifically treated,” she explains.
Early symptoms may include persistent cough, blood in sputum, chest pain, hoarseness, weight loss, and loss of appetite. “In smokers, the cough may occur at unusual times and may also be accompanied by recurrent pneumonia, fatigue, etc.,” the pulmonologist clarifies.
This year, another concern is the climate and the wildfires that have occurred in the country and in Espírito Santo. “The air is more polluted due to soot and dry weather,” she points out. Another factor is the increased use of electronic cigarettes. “The rise in the use of vapes by young people has led to more cases of respiratory diseases in hospitals that can lead to lung diseases in the long term,” says Jessica.
The focus should be on awareness and prevention. Respiratory health is essential for quality of life, and many of these problems can be avoided with basic care, such as avoiding cigarettes, ensuring pollution-free environments, and seeking early treatment for respiratory infections.
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Camilla Baptisttin
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